Applications of Stem Cells and Derived Exosomes in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Neurological disorders generally affect the brain and spinal cord as well as the nerves found throughout the body. These disorders might result in symptoms such as muscle weakness, paralysis, seizures, loss of sensation, confusion, pain or even altered levels of consciousness. The existance of such diseases dates back to the history of mankind. However, the study of such diseases gained momentum a few decades back only. There may be several causes of neurological disorders such as genetic defects, congenital abnormalities, malnutrition, spinal cord injury, brain damage, nerve injury, disorders of the central or peripheral nervous system such as epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, dementias, stroke, migraine, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic disorders, brain tumours, neuronal infections, etc. According to an estimate, around six million people die due to stroke every year, out of which 80% cases are observed in low-income countries.